The deposition of atmospheric dust is a critical factor influencing air quality, soil composition, and ecosystem health. This study examines the atmospheric dust flux and the chemical composition of dustfall across diverse North India environments, focusing on urban and rural settings. The findings revealed significant variability in atmospheric dust deposition, with rural site recording the highest average dust flux. Urban sites displayed considerable fluctuations. These variations highlighted the influence of regional industrial activities, soil erosion, agricultural practices, and climatic conditions on dust deposition rates. Chemical analysis of the dustfall samples further revealed critical insights into the sources and potential environmental impacts of dust deposition. The SO₄^2-/Ca ratio suggested significant contributions from both industrial emissions and soil dust, indicating mixed sources of sulfates in the atmosphere. The SO₄^2-/NO₃^- ratio provided an evidence of secondary aerosol formation processes, pointing to the conversion of gaseous precursors into particulate matter. Additionally, the Cl/ NO₃^- ratio reflected the influence of non-marine contribution of Cl^-. These ratios have important implications for understanding the composition of atmospheric aerosols and their impact on environmental and public health in North India. The study underscores the need for continuous monitoring of dust deposition and its chemical composition to develop targeted strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of dust pollution, particularly in urban and industrialized regions.

¹ School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

* Corresponding Author: umeshkulshrestha@gmail.com